Lubert Stryer

6346413, Feb 12, 2002

Nov 17, 1999

09/442027

Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Michael C. Pirrung - Durham NC

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

G01N 3350

4352872, 4352873, 4352887, 530300, 536 243

A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.

6361937, Mar 26, 2002

Mar 19, 1996

08/618834

Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA

Affymetrix, Incorporated - Santa Clara CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 422 681, 702 19, 702 20

A computer system for sequencing nucleic acids is provided. The computer system may be used for de novo sequencing of a nucleic acid sequence by analyzing the fluorescence intensities of hybridized nucleic acid probes on biological chips. The probes with the highest intensities are utilized to sequence the nucleic acid and related probes are analyzed to increase the accuracy of nucleic acid sequencing. The sequence of the nucleic acid sequence may be determined from hybridization intensities that do not allow identification of perfectly complementary probes.

6379895, Apr 30, 2002

Sep 1, 2000

09/654435

Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
Michael C. Pirrung - Chapel Hill NC

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 912

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.

6403320, Jun 11, 2002

Oct 5, 2000

09/684377

J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
Michael C. Pirrung - Chapel Hill NC

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 71

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.

6403957, Jun 11, 2002

Oct 16, 2000

09/690191

Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
Michael C. Pirrung - Durham NC

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

G01T 1161

250302, 2504581, 435 6, 435 71, 536 221, 536 2532

A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group; is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

6406844, Jun 18, 2002

Jun 1, 1995

08/456887

Michael C. Pirrung - Durham NC
J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 792, 435DIG 1, 435DIG 14, 435DIG 46, 436518, 436527, 436528, 436807, 530333, 530334, 530335

A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

6416952, Jul 9, 2002

Sep 1, 2000

09/654206

Michael C. Pirrung - Chapel Hill NC
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
Stephen P. A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

C12Q 168

435 6, 435 912

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.

6420169, Jul 16, 2002

Nov 30, 1994

08/348471

J. Leighton Read - Palo Alto CA
Stephen P.A. Fodor - Palo Alto CA
Lubert Stryer - Stanford CA
Michael C. Pirrung - Mesquite TX

Affymetrix, Inc. - Santa Clara CA

C12M 136

4352891, 435DIG 43, 435DIG 44, 422131, 436518, 935 88, 530335

A method for synthesizing oligonucleotides on a solid substrate. The method provides for the irradiation of a first predefined region of the substrate without irradiation of a second predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation step removes a protecting group therefrom. The substrate is contacted with a first nucleotide to couple the nucleotide to the substrate in the first predefined region. By repeating these steps, an array of diverse oligonucleotides is formed on the substrate.